I've got it running now. The head was stuck because of old grease, or at least that's my best guess. Put some new grease on, cleaned the heads and now it's running perfectly.
I put a KCS power board in the trap door: also works (or at least the 512K expansion works). Without it it's just another Amiga 500 with 512K, but the keyboard itself is an A500+ as well: it has two blank keys on the US layout.
One right of the left shift and one left to the bottom of the Return key.
About the Agnus chip, see attachment: