@ Nick:
1. STS 107.
2. I thought of tile-sensors two, but then I realized that it's not practical:
Too many tiles, sending too much information - more systems that can go wrong.
Wiring, that needs rebuilding of a whole chassis, and ads to the over-all weight.
It may be practical in a new shuttle, though (if they don't use some new insulation technique).
3. I remember the Chalenger. I was 17.