x86The family of CPU that is found in PeeCees. You probably remember the 286/386/486 CPUs - it's the same architecture. Examples include any Pentium or Athlon. Other chip families include 68k (classic Amiga) and PPC (AmigaONE, accelerated Amiga, Mac, Pegasos).
UAEThe Universal Amiga Emulator. Or the Unix Amiga Emulator. Or, originally, the Useless Amiga Emulator (it couldn't boot). It's the most popular emulator around, with support for tons of stuff and it can run faster than the fastest "classic" Amiga, due to JIT, which brings us to...
JITStands for Just In Time. It's a fancy way of emulation, where instructions are cached, and this speeds it up no end. Newer versions of UAE have JIT, as does ^mithlon. OS4 will have a built in JIT emulator, for running older applications. Note that this emulator will only emulate the CPU, not the...
ChipsetWhen the Amiga was first made, processors weren't exactly fast. To make a truly multimedia computer, co-processors were used - several different processors for sound, graphics, IO etc. Together these are called the Custom Chipset, and are what made the Classic Amiga so amazing, by taking load off the main CPU.
OCSOriginal Chip Set - the first Amiga chipset, used in the A1000, A500 and A2000. Very nice for it's time - could display 32 colours at once in "normal" modes, up to 4096 in Hold And Modify (HAM) mode. OCS was slightly upgraded to the ECS chipset for the A3000/600 and perhaps a few others.
AGAThe last chipset ever produced, used in the A1200 and A4000. Could display 256 colours at once in "normal" modes, and about 260,000 in HAM.
Fortunately I knew what PPC A1200/4000, those are older Amigas, right?
The A1200 and A4000 were made in the early 90's. The CPUs the used topped out at about 70Mhz, so in the late 90's PPC accelerators appeared, adding a secondary CPU, at around 200Mhz or so. AmigaOS4 should run on these.
