Default icons are taken from envarc:sys/def_xyz.info, where xyz is the file type defined in DefIcons prefs. Without DefIcons running only Disk, Tool and Drawer count.
Check that these files are real icons (load them into IconEdit). Also check that these icons have the correct type (disk for def_disk.info, drawer for def_drawer.info and tool or project for all others). There are also some called def_.info where is DF0 or PC0 or RAM or so, these have to be of type disk.
Bye,
Thomas