Don't forget the flock of penguins!
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) are usable in most modern OSs and web browsers. Most of the icon sets for GNOME use this format, you could probably ensure that every graphic element uses this format.
They can be edited in any text editor and there are a few structured drawing programs that handle them, but every OS I've seen is still driven at the pixel level, and not some abstract, scalable unit, so you would still have to manually set sizes of many objects. Even Beryl's handy zoom function only lets you zoom in on the pixmap of the screen, so you get jaggies; it is not aware of any elements on-screen being vectors by definition.
There are a few OS and UI concepts on YouTube, etc., which demonstrate everything being a 3D object. I assume that they are still using bitmaps for textures, but that could be corrected and you would have a completely vector based software environment. However, I do suspect that most of these advances are looking for some kind of VR environment deep in their hearts.
I'd provide you some links, but I'd just be Googling and trying to remember where I had seen them. Good luck!
jaminJay
"Is much fun for Big Chief!"