Personally, I'd recommend learning C++ on a modern compiler.
I first learned C ages ago, but was never completely successful in using it on the Amiga until recently. This was mostly because of the available information then as now, but also because the compilers were less fault tolerant back then. I think this is also true for modern C++ compilers.
I'm finally managing to get somewhere with C and C++ because the modern compilers do a lot of "hand holding" for me, letting make more language related mistakes now and learning more compiler specific issues later.
But that's my two cents.
Ed.
