Hi again,
yeah, the error pops up everytime I launch my Amiga, it does not matter if the disk is inserted.
Congratulations, you have a hard disk

Unfortunately, it seems a bit poorly.
So, I really don't know if there are some useful Workbench, Storage, Extras, Locale and Install utilities. I may take a look, but I don't know what exactly I should look for.
Hopefully, something like this (AmigaOS 3.0, or commodore era 3.1):

or possibly this (Escom era AmigaOS 3.1):

Of course, you might have OS.3 or 3.9, but these came on CD only.
If you click "Cancel" on the error that pops up (it might pop up a few times), I take it the machine boots into Workbench (the desktop GUI) ?
What we need to do, is to see if we can repair it. There is a tool called DiskSalv that might be able to do the trick, but depending on the severity of the error, there might be a quicker fix.
The first thing to do, is make a backup of the existing Workbench drive. Or at least as much of it as can be copied. Do you have any other disk icons that appear on the Workbench screen after it has booted? Is there one called "Work" for example?