No. You need a bootable floppy disk with a CD-ROM driver installed. Without CD-ROM driver there is no chance to read the CD.
If you have internet access you can download and install IDEfix. It contains a CD-ROM driver (actually the same which is contained on the OS3.9 CD).
Well, if you have a CyberstormPPC or MK3 or a BlizzardPPC and your CD-ROM drive is connected to the SCSI bus, you can activate the CD-ROM driver which is contained in the firmware. So you only need a bootable floppy disk and have access to the CD-ROM drive at once.
Bye,
Thomas