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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #29 on: June 02, 2009, 01:16:56 PM »
Quote from: Karlos;457308
@amigaski



As I said in the same post you have just failed to comprehend before replying to, if you don't use the OS and bang the hardware, then WTF is stopping you using the CPU for precision timing?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Stamp_Counter

Turn off clockspeed altering power saving modes or use the constant TSC if present. Create an asm function for timing. Lock your code to one core (on multicore) and write a busy loop with a suitable instruction to prevent OOO execution and count the bloody ticks until you hit the magic number you've determined based on the reported frequency of your TSC.
...

You forget the other problems associated with RDTSC.  I am familiar with RDTSC as I mentioned it in the very post you are replying to (post #113).  You claimed it's accurate to a few machine cycles but that's complete rubbish.  In order to use in a generic way, you have to calibrate the RDTSC to the processor you are running on.  The calibration requires another timer; thus dropping your accuracy down to the accuracy of the 2ndary timer.  RDTSC is not always running at CPU frequency; some have tied to bus clock.  Power management affects it and there's no way to shut that down on some systems and on a Toshiba Tecra where I did shut down the power management the system became hot as the fan did not turn on and the system shut-down.  There are also SMIs implemented in some systems which cannot be disabled via applications and they cause frequency shifts and also halt tick counts during some C-states of the processor.  What constant TSC are you talking about?  So far on all the processors I have tried, RDTSC varies according to processor speed and the frequency of processor speed isn't some exact 90.00000Mhz.

>Quit your moaning about 850ns resolution hardware clocks. If you are a low level coder then the above tick timer should prove no problem. It should work on pretty much anything since the pentium.

Sorry, even if I use RDTSC and somehow avoid the above-mentioned problems, it's accuracy is the accuracy of the timer used to calibrate it-- 840ns for PIT.  So problem remains.

>Or, if all that is too much of a PITA, you could, assuming you have a reasonably recent PC, just use HPET[/QUOTE]

The fact that they introduced the HPET which runs at lower frequency than RDTSC should tell you that RDTSC proved to be not that reliable.  HPET is not present on my latest 2.8Ghz machine so not worth using it since that means it won't be present on majority of PCs.  There are other issues that affect it's accuracy as well.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #30 on: June 02, 2009, 01:24:22 PM »
Quote from: Karlos;508702
Re: Joyport / Parallel port. Current PC's don't have either port to compare against. Your inability to use your "low level" coding skills to write an accurate timer for x86/HPET is no reflection on the hardware..
...

A few people here in this thread have referred to items that are NEW or nonexistent (exist in spec only).  Those are useless for a common application.  I have written accurate timer using 8253 under Windows XP, but it's accuracy is 840ns (less than an Amiga).  Amiga's accuracy is 558ns and HPET cannot be used to compare with it and RDTSC has problems as already mentioned.  I just remembered another problem with RDTSC-- it's nonserializing; so I also have to make sure I write some special instructions after and/or before it to prevent it from executing in parallel.  So much for your speculation that it's accurate to a few machine cycles.

>Re: bootup times:

>From cold, timed this morning:

I think one good test for boot-up time is is how long it takes to boot-up until you can run your specific program that uses OS functions.  You can launch Amiga programs directly from command line via startup-sequence.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #31 on: June 02, 2009, 01:41:30 PM »
Quote from: Karlos;508753
Joyports are nonexistent on PC's for some time now, but you are insisting on using it in your argument.



I think you'll find I already pointed out that as a requirement when writing the loop, along with locking it one core on multicore and preferring constant TSC where available, or preventing speed step from altering the core speed. Not my fault if you can't be arsed to read the CPU documentation properly.
...

Did you miss a post regarding RDTSC from me?  I stated that I shut down power management to prevent RDTSC from misbehaving on a Toshiba and the system overheated.  How do you prevent processor from going  into SMIs and C-states and stopping tick counts?  It's not in any Intel reference I have.

>Also, other than dismissing it outright, you haven't given any reason why HPET is unsuitable for your timing requirements.

The fact that it's not in any of my 10 PC systems is good reason to dismiss it for now.  The fact that it won't work on majority of systems out there is another good reason.  The fact that it's accuracy is affected by other IRQs in the system is another good reason.  I can mention more but why waste time with it if I can't use it generically.  By the way, Amiga timer is 558ns w/o +/- bullcrap (as I stated); HPET has a +/- latency as well attached to it.

>No, that's an entirely synthetic test invented by you. Under your stated circumstances, my chosen application is Workbench...

If you use Amiga for some specific application, it can launch faster before you load WB.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #32 on: June 02, 2009, 01:45:03 PM »
Quote from: Karlos;508753
Joyports are nonexistent on PC's for some time now, but you are insisting on using it in your argument.

...

I wanted to keep the joystick argument separate from timer stuff since it was over.  Joystick gameports are in millions of existing PCs and they suck; they are inferior to Amiga's joystick ports.  If you can't live with this fact of REALITY, that's not my problem.  You can still get gameports on audio cards and they were supported by Windows XP which is not obsolete for many.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #33 on: June 02, 2009, 02:01:07 PM »
Quote from: Karlos;508758
LOL, excellent



Did the part not actually have a constant TSC register? Most current intel processors do.

...

It only talks about fixed counter using bus clock as opposed to processor frequency, but even the bus clocks vary with systems.


>Are you sure? It could just be that whichever version of the OS you are using doesn't let you use it.

No, remember I'm a low-level programmer so I went through the BIOS RSDT/FACP tables to detect the HPET table in DOS32 and it does not exist.

>But this is true on the PC for most things. Very few applications that need to bash the hardware directly are going to be universally compatible

HPET/RDTSC/PIT/Keyboards/VGA/IRQs and some other things are amongst those that have standard means of detecting and using directly at hardware level.

>Maybe not, but you can't possibly be suggesting that whatever code you execute every 558ns isn't going to add latency.

Copper executes the instructions at the exact cycle you want it to (558ns accuracy).  If I use processor frequency or CIA interrupts, I run into latency issues.

>Well, by the same token, I could roll a linux kernel that gives me just what I need to run "nano" and edit a few files.

Yeah, but I don't think it works in XP/Vista.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #34 on: June 03, 2009, 05:47:58 PM »
Quote from: paolone;508786
Oh, my God! This flame made me laugh out loud at least twice. This joystick polling frequency argument frankly is the most silly I've ever heard in a computer architecture discussion, even more ridicolous than the old boot-time whining, and the only conclusion I can see for it, is that my Commodore 16 was the most powerful PC of all times, since it "booted" instantly, even faster than my later Commodore 128 (which took at least 1 second to initialize). My Amigas and then my PCs have always took more time to be ready for my input. So the C16 is the absolute winner here =)

PS: everywhere else, a "joystick polling frequency" argument would have been motivation for laughs, not for a 200 messages-long discussion. Please, let's do a reality check soon.


You missed some posts and didn't read the title; nobody drew the conclusion that PC is inferior because it boots up slower.  Nobody drew the conclusion that PC is inferior because it's gameport factually is inferior.  Except for those like you who didn't read the topic and the posts.  I recall that my 8-bit Commodore didn't even have a boot option unless you plugged in a cartridge.  I think you had to type something like: Load "*",8,1.

Gaming is used on PCs, Gaming is used on Amigas.  Amiga has the better interface.  It's one aspect.  And same joystick port also serves other needs like I/O...
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #35 on: June 03, 2009, 05:52:34 PM »
Quote from: Zac67;508795
Don't forget about the mighty VIC-20! Clearly beats the lame C16!:whack:

Honestly, I've got no idea what such a joystick polling frequency is meant to accomplish. 1 kHz is far beyond ridiculous - who's supposed to move the stick that fast?? And don't forget the (formerly) common PC joystick is an analogue entity where it takes a bit for the ADC to work. Digital joysticks are a lot faster. Actually they were since the joyports have been gone for some time.

Actually it's more of a 'I want a 100% defined hardware base where I can bang bare metal as I see fit' against a hardware abstracted architecture, held together with drivers. Clearly the former is easier to code for, but the fate of the Amiga clearly shows what consequences are implied and which one is a more future oriented solution.

My .02


"Clearly" is your subjective biased remark.  It's better to have hardware level standards and OS API standards.  That you get the best of both worlds.  With modern OSes, you HAVE to go through APIs because ways to access hardware directly (which is much more efficient) cannot be done due to lack of standards for most hardware.

You're correct for many games you can get away with less than 1Khz, but in cases, you do need the 1Khz, gameport cannot accomplish that feat.  As Karlos would put it, "Amiga joystick is OBSCENELY faster than PC joystick interface."
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #36 on: June 03, 2009, 06:38:22 PM »
Quote from: Linde;508799
So how are these people who don't optimize their code a fault of the system design?

...

You are presuming in this topic that I declared the PC sucks because it has bloated code, but I never stated that.

>Congratulations. How did this ever pass off as a valid argument when you wrote it down? I can make you a 1 GB hello world example to compile, that's how much PC:s suck!

Again, just going by default compiler settings.  Not purposely done.  Many people don't bother figuring out what is dead code and how to eliminate it so you end up with EXEs that take up megabytes of memory.  Never said PC sucks because it's full of applications that have tons of dead code or redundant code.

>That's totally besides the point. Weren't we discussing program size in relation to speed? Because MPEG files are not programs, and a smaller program doesn't mean a faster program.

The example I gave of animations running from floppy, the size of the data files and exes combined mattered.  If they weren't compressed and code highly optimized, the frame rate speed would suffer.

>That's true for most 1k intros (which are often tightly tied to the features of a specific GPU), but I have some great looking 256 byte intros (that often use standard VGA software rendering) and 64k (which work on most graphics cards) that run on anything I throw them at. Now show me a demo that runs on any "standard" amiga without modification i e WHDLoad.

Many boot block intros I have seen don't rely on any WHDLoad.  If you write OCS software, it works on all Amigas.  You show me a demo that uses the audio card; they are all nonstandard.  Here's I wrote my own boot block control code that allows me to control the Amiga from a PC:

http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT&item=320379502506

I answered the rest of your message already elsewhere.

>But yeah, go ahead, show me a game that uses and benefits from that high joystick sampling. Most Amiga games, I'm sure, don't sample more than a couple of times per redraw.

I wasn't going by "most".  Just like the audio example I gave.  One Khz is based on actual recorded joystick data from River-raid as I already mentioned.

>Confused? That makes two of us, then. Yes, you do need pretty tight timing to transfer data at 5 GB/s, and the latency is lower than ever with USB (not that latency was ever an inherent problem with USB pads and sticks).

You can't time a bit to appear to a device at an exact point in time unless you take over the hardware and have the exact spec of the controller.  But then you mine as well plug the usb card into an Amiga and do the same.  And this has nothing to do with joystick I/O.

>...of years there will be more users of USB 3.0 enabled PC:s than there were ever Amiga users.

Sorry, I don't argue about nonexistent products.  If you don't have a joystick port, it's not my problem.  Maybe the spec will get dropped and replaced with a different one.

Joystick I/O was a bonus to the joystick interface; first you need to pick the joystick port before talking about I/O.  If you switch ports, I'll start talking about the expansion connector.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #37 on: June 03, 2009, 06:55:54 PM »
Quote from: adz;508890
As stated earlier in this thread a C16 boots in under a second, but to quote you, it's a "Pointless argument.."

The 78MP TIFF image is just an example, ripping a DVD, something that the average PC user does quite a lot of, is another example of something that would take a ridiculously long time on an Amiga.


Boot up with what you want to do with the system is a better way to look at it.  If I want to test a kernel mode driver on Windows XP which will cause many crashes during testing stage, the Amiga OS wins hands down in boot up time.  

As far as the 78MP TIFF image goes, you could tile the image and use a format that fits for the system at hand.  Just because PCs had ability to load into RAM (or virtual RAM), doesn't mean it can't be done on systems with less memory.  I have written software that can edit 600MB images using 16 MB of RAM.  It's nothing to do with the system.  It depends on the software.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #38 on: June 04, 2009, 05:06:22 AM »
Quote from: koaftder;509044
I detect some competition. I will beat all of you. Here is a boot loader I wrote the other day, to load my custom OS for my pc:

Code: [Select]

; Description: dVMOS boot loader
; Author:      Brian Craig Miller
; Date:        2009-MAY-26
; Version:     4
; assembler:   fasm
#make_boot#

org 7c00h

secnum equ 5 ; number of sectors after sector one to load

sector1:
    cli ; disable interrupts
   
    ;setup temporary stack out of te way
    mov dx, 08000h
    mov ss,dx
    mov sp, 0ffffh
   
    ; make es point to paragraph 0
    push 0
    pop es
    sti ; enable interrupts
           
    ; setup registers for the copy routine      
    mov bx, 07e00h ; address of free memory
    mov cl, 2

loadkernel:
    call copysector
    add cl, 1     ; move to next sector
    add bx, 512   ; area to move next sector into
    cmp cl, secnum + 1
    jne loadkernel
   
runkernel:
    ; jump to our kernel
    push 07e0h ; cs
    push 00000 ; ip    
    retf      
   
copysector:
    pusha
    mov ah, 02h ; read sector
    mov al, 1   ; read one sector
    mov ch, 0   ; cylinder 0
    ;mov cl, 3   ; second sector            
    mov dh, 0   ; head 0
    mov dl, 0   ; drive 0
    int 13h     ; bios disk routines
    popa
    ret


 
db 510-($-sector1) dup (090h)   ;fill out restof sector with zeroes
dw 0AA55h ; sector signature bios needs to identify bootable sec


On my 1.6GHz p4, I can go from cold start to ganking 6 sectors of the floppy and running my "kernel" in 2 seconds flat. I could cut some time off by stuffing the whole thing in a boot rom on a network card. Hell, I could get a 1second boot if I just ditched the sparse bios routines and stuff my crap in the bios flash rom it's self.

Oh, and Amiga OS is bloated compared to my OS. Every *byte* accounted for. I have you all beat. :roflmao:


Wrong.  If I put my OS and application in ROM, then that would be the fastest boot up time.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #39 on: June 04, 2009, 05:12:12 AM »
Quote from: Karlos;509013
This I'd be interested to see. Do you use a paging strategy for it, or do you limit it to the largest tile that can fit in 16MiB?

How do you give visual feedback on changes that affect the whole image, or do you allow modification only on a per tile basis?

I've written image processing code that operates on arbitrarily large images in a few kilobytes by basically streaming through it (for simple changes) or operating on tiny tiles (for image processing kernels). It worked but it certainly wasn't "visual". That didn't matter as it was for an automated process anyway.

This isn't a criticism, but I can't imagine such a system being a lot of use to people used to being able to operate at various levels of zoom as well as on the entire image at once. People buy big grunty PC boxes because they expect to be able to do stuff as quickly and readily as possible.


I did one with uncompressed tiles; that one is easier to do.  You just keep at least 9 tiles on screen and then update as user wants to move.  So you update 3 tiles going east/west or 3 tiles going north/south or 5 tiles going diagonally.  You keep one average image either in a separate file or in the header.  You can keep several images at various resolutions but for my application, it served the purpose.  You can also do it with compressed tiles-- if you keep space for worst case compressed tile and keep directory in header of the size of each tile.  There's some restrictions but it works okay.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #40 on: June 04, 2009, 05:16:46 AM »
Quote from: adz;509063
What part of the word example don't you understand? Besides which, I never doubted that you could actually open a large image, my point was how long it would take to open said image.


It's faster to load 9 tiles of an image than the entire image.  In fact, I froze Photoshop several times on a PC because I was editing an image 50+ Megabytes and saving also takes quite some time.  In fact, I also wrote a Sound Editor for older Windows OSes that has instant load/play time because it only reads a few samples to display in the window and keeps track of everything in the file.  So you can instantly play/load a file up to 2GB.  Editing is also zero time unless you shorten or lengthen the waveform.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #41 on: June 04, 2009, 05:26:25 AM »
Quote from: Karlos;509037
I don't think so. Even if we accept the joyport example, external HID for PC's have all migrated pretty much to USB these days. Honestly, you can even get bloody USB graphics cards nowadays. Therefore the PC isn't actually in the race to have a high speed joyport, so it can't really be playing catch up. The same is true with other legacy expansion ports like good old centronic's parallel ports etc.Who uses a parallel port printer in a typical PC dominated office environment now? LAN printers have been standard for donkeys years.
...


Sorry, but even with a USB joystick, you can't read the joystick port in a few cycles like you can on Amiga.  Using API calls or serial packet protocols is the general trend for modern OSes but Amiga allows another method-- direct hardware access which is becoming lesser and lesser doable on PCs as more and more hardware becomes nonstandard.  So the same API call takes 100 cycles on one machine and 20000 cycles on another machine and hardly anyone knows what actually the API call did.

Parallel ports are still useful in certain applications.  They make better joystick interfaces than USB especially if they are PCI-based.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #42 on: June 04, 2009, 05:35:22 AM »
Quote from: Trev;509105
Doesn't that depend on the bus connected to the ROM and the ROM package itself? You've just made a very general statement regarding ROM-based boot times. ;-)


Go ahead, calculate the timing for 16-bit ROM interface on Amiga with the general PC's ROMs and see if it's that significant.

Realistically as it is now, many offices and homes I have gone to (I was just there today fixing someone's PC), the XP boot up time is in the minutes.  I saw one person whose XP took 20 minutes to boot up before he could log in to the internet.  I think all the antivirus software, internet drivers, etc. took longer to initialize than the rest of the system.  So what he did was, he put Solitaire into the startup as the first task that started up.  So he played solitaire as the system booted and he told me he can finish one game by the time he was able to log into the internet.
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Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #43 on: June 04, 2009, 01:54:41 PM »
Quote from: Linde;509132
Guys, you need to stop perpetuating the "amiga boots faster" argument until you have any idea of what tasks the machines are performing while they're booting.

...

That example was also given.  You can launch applications from AmigaDOS; you can't under Windows XP/Vista which is what most PCs have.  

>... which is why the argument was totally redundant and irrelevant to this discussion. I can make a bloated "Hello world" for Amiga, too, but I wouldn't hold it against the Amiga system.

You missed the point again.  The default compiler settings produced it; it's not on purpose.  It's an observation-- not meant to say that PCs cannot produce optimized code.

>Where exactly is the "hard drive storage" on a floppy? This is exactly what you were saying, seemingly unrelated to the floppy example. Concerning the example you gave with the Amiga (play an animation LOADED from floppy), uncompressed images would be faster anyway.

You missed the point again.  There's no hard drive involved.  The animation boots from floppy and runs.

>All in all it's a pretty whimsical argument anyhow to say that PC code is usually too "unoptimized" to play full frame rate animation, since pretty much all common media formats used on the PC are compressed and optimized enough to be streamed with low band-width.

NEVER said that.  PCs have enough horsepower to run the animation even with the bloat.  Chewbacca defense.

>Seeing them run perfectly on any "standard" Amiga is not common, though.

That's what I stated-- that size matters to affect the speed ON THE AMIGA.  Your blunder that size has no bearing on speed is your problem in understanding.

>Hahaha, yeah, well in reality most OCS demos are pretty incompatible with anything other than the machine they were coded for (remember, we have to GET REAL). "Optimizing" in the early Amiga days usually meant bypassing standard system functions, controlling the hardware directly and taking full advantage of the exact specifications of the machine. Change the hardware? Stops working. That's how it was for all Amiga models, as is it for all PC models. Even if you used the proper kernel functions on the Amiga old software titles would stop working properly with new ROM revisions and clock speeds.

Complete rubbish.  My boot block stuff runs on all Amigas across the board.  Don't argue against things you don't understand.

>Since audio cards are all "non-standard" there is a standard API present in any modern PC OS to provide transparent access to the functionality (like AHI on the Amiga), so yes, most PC demos and small intros (both in Linux and Windows) use the sound card...

Now is that after the OS loads or before.  If  your demo is 1K (as you say) but relies on the OS functions, then you have to wait for OS to load.

> Can't you bother to look that up yourself? And even in the DOS days before there were standard APIs some demos (and most serious software and games) supported multiple soundcards perfectly anyway.

In 1k?  Bullcrap.

>Pretty damn cool, but hardly relevant to your argument.

Sure it is.  You asked for small demo; I gave you a full application.

>Oh, you could probably record ultrasound in the MHz range but that still doesn't mean that it's relevant information to our hearing, much like kHz recording of hand movement isn't relevant to joystick handling (and if this isn't getting obvious to you by now, I don't really know what to tell you).

You should really think about it rather than repeating your mistake.  If I move the joystick around while pressing/releasing fire button, the time in state change can be 1 ms or less.

>How exactly were you recording anyhow? Were you just recording the joystick directly, or were you counting how often the game polls for the joystick? In the latter case I would be pretty surprised since River Raid is one of those games where once-per-frame sampling would probably be sufficient.

I'm recording the state changes and timing the difference between the state change.

>But you can still have them predictable enough, apparently. My PS2 to USB interface performs great in all games I've tried it with.

Sorry, don't know of any joystick using PS2 port.

>Who's playing catchup again? I'm not saying that the Amiga can't do stuff, my point is that PC:s don't really have anything to catch up to.

They are still playing catchup to joystick interface.  They are still playing catchup to real-time useage of hardware registers (those that you are forced to go through APIs); they are forced in playing catchup to timing things with zero latency.  I'll sum up later...as this reply times out with Amiga.org for some reason.

>If USB is the primary interface of your joystick (which probably is the common case), it must have!

It's not the primary case; there are millions  of gameports.  USB joystick requires more cycles to read the joystick port than reading I/O port on Amiga as it is currently-- not the nonexisting ones you are speculating on.

>Modern PC:s playing catchup with the Amiga are also non-existent, but we've been arguing religiously about those for the last few pages.

First show a joystick that beats the amiga.  Show me a timer that can do the 558ns accuracy on any PC. Etc.

>USB is not analogous to the expansion connector. USB is exactly what it is called - a universal serial bus. The closest thing you'l find in the "standard" Amiga hardware design? Don't know, maybe the clock port?

So don't compare apples and oranges then.  Pick a joystick port.
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Use PC peripherals with your amiga: http://www.mpdos.com
 

Offline amigaksi

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Re: PC still playing Amiga catchup
« Reply #44 from previous page: June 04, 2009, 02:00:39 PM »
Quote from: Linde;509138
If we are discussing PC:s here, that's still not an assumption we can make as long as anyone uses anything other than Windows. Running Windows or not is totally irrelevant to this topic ("PC still playing Amiga catchup").


Let's for the sake of the argument assume that Amiga OS is the most popular OS, and Windows XP is in far minority. How quickly do you think the system would be taken down by malware, and how much extra protection would be needed? Any 14 year old could write an Amiga program to fuck the whole system up.

...


You just like comparing nonexistent things.  Compare with reality.  Amiga OS is a minority so it wins since it doesn't need as much security as Windows XP.

>But hey, my C64 is the best system, because unlike both my Amigas and my Windows installs I've never had a virus on it because most were exterminated a decade ago! And it boots faster! Yay!

You missed some posts.  C64 does not have BOOT option.  You need to type LOAD "*",8,1.  

>And no, an antivirus program is no excuse for a 20 minute boot time. That is more likely the result of an incompetent user. Aside from the built-in firewall I use the free avast antivirus for virus protection, and there's no noticeable slowdown or startup delays.

I have seen hundreds of users where there system slowed down by general use.  Majority of people are NOT experts at eliminating whatever garbage has gotten into their system.  It's the OS writers fault (who are constantly updating their OSes anyway) to realize this and fix it.  Otherwise, it can be stated that in general Windows XP boots slower than Amiga OS.
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Use PC peripherals with your amiga: http://www.mpdos.com