It's easy to accidentally misalign those tiny pins on the ribbon cable. That's happened to me before and the system wouldn't boot. Thankfully, it doesn't seem to cause any permanent damage if you're clumsy that day. lol
Also, if you took that from an old laptop, I'm guessing a PC laptop, you've got a SATA drive when the Amiga wants a PATA? Am I wrong about this guys?