@Amigalynx
If I read this right, your jumper settings are incorrect. Fortunately, I kept a copy of my long gone M1230XA board's manual so let's hope this sorts it for you.
With the edge connector to the left as you view the board,
the three pin jumper near the FPU chip is called Jumper 1.
The two pin jumper just below Jumper 1 is called Jumper 2.
Jumper 1 should be set on the Rightmost pins if the CPU and FPU have the same clockspeed. Since yours are running at different speeds, Jumper 1 should be across the Leftmost pair.
The 'Test' Jumper 2 should be OFF. Just leave it hanging free from one of the pins. When Jumper 2 is ON the configuration EEPROM is bypassed on bootup and the RAM setting will be reported as 128Mb at the lowest cycle setting. Only use Jumper 2 if the EEPROM gets 'confused'. It's basically used for factory testing.
The MB1230AX card requires some special software if running under AmigaDOS3.0. This is called SetXA and AddXAmem which adds the card memory to the system at bootup and prevents PCMCIA memory address problems. Seems you're missing these drivers (?)
If you only have the standard 25watt A1200 power supply you will experience problems. Any additional drives beyond the native floppy will cause crashes and erratic behaviour.
There was a photocopy of the old MX1230AX manual in the BBoAH, but that and all other useful literature were pulled when someone complained about copyright. Shame really.
JaX