On AGA systems the chipmem is 32-bit, while the Zorro II bus is only 16-bit. So as far as memory bandwidth, AGA is up to 2x faster. But it's still bitplanes, which means the CPU generally has to do a lot more work when rendering graphics on AGA compared to a Zorro II video board. So in some cases AGA could be faster but for a DOOM type game it wouldn't be unless you had a really fast CPU that can do chunky-to-planar conversion in negligable amount of time.
ADOOM is just plain slow on an 030 though, regardless of C2P or framebuffer speed...