For a home computer you'd be mad to go with anything other than SATA. I use 8-drive SATA RAID6 for my Windows network.
They are cheap, very large capacity (2TB/drive) and have a reasonable bandwidth and MTBF.
SAS - (Serial SCSI) is too expensive and drives are too small, plus you would need a new expensive PCIe SAS RAID controller as your motherboard is unlikely to support SAS
SSD - Drives are WAY too expensive and drives are WAY too small. This is an immediate non-starter.
PATA - You cannot buy them any more in the largest sizes, they are now more expensive than SATA.
UWSCSI - Drives are too small, too expensive and like PATA are being phased out. You'd need to buy a PCIe SCSI RAID card and depending on your motherboard it would probably slower than SATA.
