The graphics library autodoc is your friend ;-)
change the palette? (GetColorMap/something to do with viewports and SetRGB32/SetRGB32CM?
graphics.library/LoadRGB32()
change pen and write text on the screen?
graphics.library/SetDrMd()
graphics.library/SetAPen()
graphics.library/SetBPen()
graphics.library/Text()
fill areas on-screen?
graphics.library/RectFill()
graphics.library/AreaFill()
load ILBMs into memory and be able to blit them onto screen? (I see an ilbm.datatype and picture.datatype but not how to use them)
Have a look at the datatypes.library autodoc.