You may be able to transfer stuff to and from the amiga on a 720kB formatted DD Floppy diskette. If you boot to AmigaDOS and type 'Mount PC0:' you should then be able to access it with PC0: instead of DF0:.
This way you could transfer DiskSalv to the machine, try and fix the harddrive, undelete the startup-sequence and copy it back.
But the easiest way would ofcourse be to get the 3.1 diskettes and make a fresh install. And I think a bigger and faster harddrive would be nice aswell!