ILBM? (IFF interleaved bitmap)
TIFF? (tag image file format)
PPM? (Portable Pixel Map) (search for ppm and netpbm)
That being said, I don't think you can get much simpler than uncompressed IFF if you're programming for Amiga. If you're talking Linux, I would suggest PPM, since there's a ####LOAD of applications that support this out of the box, and the format is totally open.
If we're talking Windows, I might be persuaded to suggest TIFF. It's well supported under AmigaOS and Linux as well, so really isn't that bad. I don't know how good the documentation is, though. There's some libraries you can use...