Forgive me if this sounds terribly stupid, but surely an Arm chip (for instance) has data and address buses that we could connect to the trapdoor slot via some relatively simple FPGA glue logic, just as we would a 68060?
You might look for one with an EBI bus. (I htink that's what it's called) forgot about that one until today. I'm not sure what kind of selection there is though, I'm only aware of moderate performance ones between 100MHz and 200MHz which don't thrill me for this task. But I don't know much about the higher-end ARM chips. This is typically used for memory, bu tmay work for this sort of project as well.
I'm not aware of any ARM chips that expose an AHB or APB bus externally for connecting to an FPGA, which would probably be preferable to EBI. The new ARM SoC FPGA chips DO (as I understand) expose the newer AXI system bus internally to the FPGA, which is part of my attraction to them. Cool stuff! Yes, somewhat to terribly expensive just now, but I've only found the Xilinx low and high end ones at Digikey, I haven't found the Altera ones anywhere to compare. Maybe they aren't quite out the door just yet. I'm hopeful that prices will adjust when both companies have them on distributor shelves.