just how far behind is an amiga to a pc in real terms? [...] just what would an amiga have to improve to be on equal (or even) better than a pc in todays speed vs software world?
Again, it's a completely crazy question to ponder. The Amiga isn't even remotely similar to a modern PC. And if you want to try to use one as such, you're in for a very rough ride. That 4000/060/ppc you have has less processor and RAM than your average cell phone, nowadays. Now take a deep breath and wait for that to really sink in. Then wait a little longer and realize just how insane that really is.
The industry went a different direction. The Amiga is a relic from an old possible future that didn't happen.